Static to dynamic transition of RPL protocol from IoT to IoV in static and mobile environments.

Abstract

The Routing Protocol for Low power and Lossy networks (RPL) utilises the Objective Function (OF) to form a Destination Oriented Directed Acyclic Graph (DODAG) to reach the destination by selecting the best path. Many works in literature have explored this domain concerning the Internet of Things (IoT) applications. Although, the application of RPL protocol from IoT to the Internet of Vehicles (IoV) in the smart city still presents a big test. Since this gap has not been much traversed, it motivated us to present our findings on this research gap. This paper has realised the transition of RPL protocol from IoT to IoV for the first time. The network performance has been analysed using RPL in a static and mobile environment based on three configurations: Quality of Service (QoS) parameters, network scalability and mobility models. Also, a comprehensive analysis of the RPL performance in both environments has been bestowed in our paper. Finally, we have summarised our inputs and stated potential future directions for researchers. The experiments have been performed using Contiki OS/Cooja Simulator, BonnMotion tool and Wireshark. Simulation results have shown that Self-similar Least Action Walk (SLAW) has outperformed Random Way-Point (RWP) and Nomadic mobility model. High value of Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR) is achieved in mobile/dynamic environment than static. These findings can be directly applied to IoV and IoT applications using RPL protocol like Traffic Monitoring System (TMS), smart corridors, Electronic Toll Collection (ETC), etc. in smart city. Moreover, this article will help the researchers in gaining a better insight of RPL protocol in static and mobile environments for future works.