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Plant-based meat analogues (PBMAs) and their effects on cardiometabolic health: An 8-week randomized controlled trial comparing PBMAs with their corresponding animal-based foods.

Kiat Toh, D. W., Fu, A. S., Mehta, K. A., Lin Lam, N. Y., Haldar, S. and Henry, C. J., 2024. Plant-based meat analogues (PBMAs) and their effects on cardiometabolic health: An 8-week randomized controlled trial comparing PBMAs with their corresponding animal-based foods. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 119 (6), 1405-1416.

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DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.04.006

Abstract

BACKGROUND: With the growing popularity of plant-based meat analogues (PBMAs), an examination of their effects on health is warranted in an Asian population. OBJECTIVE: This research investigated the impact of consuming an omnivorous animal-based meat diet (ABMD) compared to a PBMAs diet (PBMD) on cardiometabolic health among adults with elevated risk of diabetes in Singapore. METHODS: In an 8-week parallel design randomized controlled trial, participants (n=89) were instructed to substitute habitual protein-rich foods with fixed quantities of either PBMAs (n=44) or their corresponding animal-based meats (n=45; 2.5 servings daily) maintaining intake of other dietary components. LDL-cholesterol served as primary outcome, while secondary outcomes included other cardiometabolic disease-related risk factors (e.g. glucose, fructosamine), dietary data, and within a sub-population, ambulatory blood pressure measurements (n=40) at baseline and post-intervention, as well as a 14-day continuous glucose monitor (glucose homeostasis-related outcomes; n=37). RESULTS: Data from 82 participants (ABMD:42, PBMD:40) were examined. Using linear mixed-effects model, there were significant interaction (time × treatment) effects for dietary trans-fat (increased in ABMD), dietary fiber, sodium and potassium (all increased in PBMD; PInteraction<0.001). There were no significant effects on the lipoprotein profile, including LDL-cholesterol. Diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was lower in the PBMD group (PInteraction=0.041) although the nocturnal DBP markedly increased in ABMD (+3.2% mean) and was reduced in PBMD (-2.6%; PInteraction=0.017). Fructosamine (PTime=0.035) and homeostatic model assessment for β-cell function were improved at week 8 (PTime=0.006) in both groups. Glycemic homeostasis was better regulated in the ABMD than PBMD groups as evidenced by interstitial glucose time in range (ABMD median: 94.1% (Q1:87.2%, Q3:96.7%); PBMD: 86.5% (81.7%, 89.4%); P=0.041). The intervention had no significant effect on the other outcomes examined. CONCLUSIONS: A plant-based meat analogues diet did not show widespread cardiometabolic health benefits compared with omnivorous diets over 8 weeks. The composition of PBMAs may need to be considered in future trials. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT05446753.

Item Type:Article
ISSN:0002-9165
Uncontrolled Keywords:animal protein; blood pressure; cardiovascular disease risk; diet; glycemia; meat; nutrients; plant protein; plant-based meat analogues; randomized controlled trial
Group:Faculty of Science & Technology
ID Code:39709
Deposited By: Symplectic RT2
Deposited On:18 Apr 2024 10:51
Last Modified:11 Jul 2024 10:44

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