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Situational factors shape moral judgements in the trolley dilemma in Eastern, Southern and Western countries in a culturally diverse sample.

Bago, B, Kovacs, M, Protzko, J, Nagy, T, Kekecs, Z, Palfi, B, Adamkovic, M, Adamus, S, Albalooshi, S, Albayrak-Aydemir, N, Alfian, I., Alper, S, Alvarez-Solas, S, Alves, S., Amaya, S, Andresen, P., Anjum, G, Ansari, D, Arriaga, P, Aruta, J, Arvanitis, A, Babincak, P, Barzykowski, K, Bashour, B, Baskin, E, Batalha, L, Batres, C, Bavolar, J, Bayrak, F, Becker, B, Becker, M, Belaus, A, Białek, M, Bilancini, E, Boller, D, Boncinelli, L, Boudesseul, J, Brown, B., Buchanan, E., Butt, M., Calvillo, D., Carnes, N., Celniker, J., Chartier, C., Chopik, W., Chotikavan, P, Chuan-Peng, H, Clancy, R., Çoker, O, Correia, R., Adoric, V., Cubillas, C., Czoschke, S, Daryani, Y, de Grefte, J., de Vries, W., Burak, E., Dias, C, Dixson, B., Du, X, Dumančić, F, Dumbravă, A, Dutra, N., Enachescu, J, Esteban-Serna, C, Eudave, L, Evans, T., Feldman, G, Felisberti, F., Fiedler, S, Findor, A, Fleischmann, A, Foroni, F, Francová, R, Frank, D., Fu, C., Gao, S, Ghasemi, O, Ghazi-Noori, A., Ghossainy, M., Giammusso, I, Gill, T, Gjoneska, B, Gollwitzer, M, Graton, A, Grinberg, M, Groyecka-Bernard, A, Harris, E., Hartanto, A, Hassan, W, Hatami, J, Heimark, K., Hidding, J., Hristova, E, Hruška, M, Hudson, C., Huskey, R, Ikeda, A, Inbar, Y, Ingram, G., Isler, O, Isloi, C, Iyer, A, Jaeger, B, Janssen, S., Jiménez-Leal, W, Jokić, B, Kačmár, P, Kadreva, V, Kaminski, G, Karimi-Malekabadi, F, Kasper, A., Kendrick, K., Kennedy, B., Kocalar, H., Kodapanakkal, R., Kowal, M, Kruse, E, Kučerová, L, Kühberger, A, Kuzminska, A., Lalot, F, Lamm, C, Lammers, J, Lange, E., Lantian, A, Lau, I., Lazarevic, L., Leliveld, M., Lenz, J., Levitan, C., Lewis, S., Li, M, Li, Y, Li, H, Lima, T., Lins, S, Liuzza, M., Lopes, P, Lu, J., Lynds, T, Máčel, M, Mackinnon, S., Maganti, M, Magraw-Mickelson, Z, Magson, L., Manley, H, Marcu, G., Seršić, D., Matibag, C., Mattiassi, A., Mazidi, M, McFall, J., McLatchie, N, Mensink, M., Miketta, L, Milfont, T., Mirisola, A, Misiak, M, Mitkidis, P, Moeini-Jazani, M, Monajem, A, Moreau, D, Musser, E., Narhetali, E, Ochoa, D., Olsen, J, Owsley, N., Özdoğru, A., Panning, M, Papadatou-Pastou, M, Parashar, N, Pärnamets, P, Paruzel-Czachura, M, Parzuchowski, M, Paterlini, J., Pavlacic, J., Peker, M, Peters, K, Piatnitckaia, L, Pinto, I, Policarpio, M., Pop-Jordanova, N, Pratama, A., Primbs, M., Pronizius, E, Purić, D, Puvia, E, Qamari, V, Qian, K, Quiamzade, A, Ráczová, B, Reinero, D., Reips, U., Reyna, C, Reynolds, K, Ribeiro, M., Röer, J., Ross, R., Roussos, P, Ruiz-Dodobara, F, Ruiz-Fernandez, S, Rutjens, B., Rybus, K, Samekin, A, Santos, A., Say, N, Schild, C, Schmidt, K, Ścigała, K., Sharifian, M, Shi, J, Shi, Y, Sievers, E, Sirota, M, Slipenkyj, M, Solak, Ç, Sorokowska, A, Sorokowski, P, Söylemez, S, Steffens, N., Stephen, I. D., Sternisko, A, Stevens-Wilson, L, Stewart, S., Stieger, S, Storage, D, Strube, J, Susa, K., Szekely-Copîndean, R., Szostak, N., Takwin, B, Tatachari, S, Thomas, A., Tiede, K., Tiong, L., Tonković, M, Trémolière, B, Tunstead, L., Türkan, B., Twardawski, M, Vadillo, M., Vally, Z, Vaughn, L., Verschuere, B, Vlašiček, D, Voracek, M, Vranka, M., Wang, S, West, S., Whyte, S, Wilton, L., Wlodarczyk, A, Wu, X, Xin, F, Yadanar, S, Yama, H, Yamada, Y, Yilmaz, O, Yoon, S, Young, D., Zakharov, I, Zein, R., Zettler, I, Žeželj, I., Zhang, D., Zhang, J, Zheng, X, Hoekstra, R and Aczel, B, 2022. Situational factors shape moral judgements in the trolley dilemma in Eastern, Southern and Western countries in a culturally diverse sample. Nature Human Behaviour, 6, 880-895.

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DOI: 10.1038/s41562-022-01319-5

Abstract

The study of moral judgements often centres on moral dilemmas in which options consistent with deontological perspectives (that is, emphasizing rules, individual rights and duties) are in conflict with options consistent with utilitarian judgements (that is, following the greater good based on consequences). Greene et al. (2009) showed that psychological and situational factors (for example, the intent of the agent or the presence of physical contact between the agent and the victim) can play an important role in moral dilemma judgements (for example, the trolley problem). Our knowledge is limited concerning both the universality of these effects outside the United States and the impact of culture on the situational and psychological factors affecting moral judgements. Thus, we empirically tested the universality of the effects of intent and personal force on moral dilemma judgements by replicating the experiments of Greene et al. in 45 countries from all inhabited continents. We found that personal force and its interaction with intention exert influence on moral judgements in the US and Western cultural clusters, replicating and expanding the original findings. Moreover, the personal force effect was present in all cultural clusters, suggesting it is culturally universal. The evidence for the cultural universality of the interaction effect was inconclusive in the Eastern and Southern cultural clusters (depending on exclusion criteria). We found no strong association between collectivism/individualism and moral dilemma judgements.

Item Type:Article
ISSN:2397-3374
Additional Information:2397-3374 Bago, Bence Orcid: 0000-0001-6905-1832 Kovacs, Marton Orcid: 0000-0002-8142-8492 Protzko, John Orcid: 0000-0001-5710-8635 Nagy, Tamas Orcid: 0000-0001-5244-0356 Kekecs, Zoltan Orcid: 0000-0001-9247-9781 Palfi, Bence Orcid: 0000-0002-6739-8792 Adamkovic, Matus Adamus, Sylwia Orcid: 0000-0002-7399-8735 Albalooshi, Sumaya Orcid: 0000-0002-3826-4795 Albayrak-Aydemir, Nihan Orcid: 0000-0003-3412-4311 Alfian, Ilham N Alper, Sinan Orcid: 0000-0002-9051-0690 Alvarez-Solas, Sara Orcid: 0000-0002-8267-9816 Alves, Sara G Orcid: 0000-0001-6792-2614 Amaya, Santiago Orcid: 0000-0002-1714-6482 Andresen, Pia K Orcid: 0000-0001-8060-6448 Anjum, Gulnaz Orcid: 0000-0002-2589-7884 Ansari, Daniel Orcid: 0000-0002-7625-618x Arriaga, Patrícia Orcid: 0000-0001-5766-0489 Aruta, John Jamir Benzon R Orcid: 0000-0003-4155-1063 Arvanitis, Alexios Orcid: 0000-0002-3379-0286 Babincak, Peter Orcid: 0000-0002-3407-6631 Barzykowski, Krystian Orcid: 0000-0003-4016-3966 Bashour, Bana 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Çoker, Ogeday Orcid: 0000-0002-7757-4542 Correia, Rita C Orcid: 0000-0002-8836-5199 Adoric, Vera Cubela Orcid: 0000-0003-4752-4541 Cubillas, Carmelo P Orcid: 0000-0002-2012-7071 Czoschke, Stefan Orcid: 0000-0001-7863-8272 Daryani, Yalda Orcid: 0000-0002-6463-9845 de Grefte, Job A M Orcid: 0000-0003-2433-952x de Vries, Wieteke C Orcid: 0000-0003-1511-0424 Burak, Elif G Demirag Orcid: 0000-0001-9974-8956 Dias, Carina Dixson, Barnaby J W Orcid: 0000-0003-0911-1244 Du, Xinkai Orcid: 0000-0002-4158-7878 Dumančić, Francesca Orcid: 0000-0002-1604-1726 Dumbravă, Andrei Orcid: 0000-0002-7981-8707 Dutra, Natalia B Orcid: 0000-0002-0766-0795 Enachescu, Janina Esteban-Serna, Celia Orcid: 0000-0003-4965-1173 Eudave, Luis Orcid: 0000-0002-3490-0723 Evans, Thomas R Orcid: 0000-0002-6670-0718 Feldman, Gilad Orcid: 0000-0003-2812-6599 Felisberti, Fatima M Fiedler, Susann Findor, Andrej Orcid: 0000-0002-5896-6989 Fleischmann, Alexandra Orcid: 0000-0001-8290-4561 Foroni, Francesco Orcid: 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Orcid: 0000-0003-2106-5324 Wu, Xue Orcid: 0000-0002-9461-3558 Xin, Fei Yadanar, Su Yama, Hiroshi Orcid: 0000-0003-1612-3550 Yamada, Yuki Orcid: 0000-0003-1431-568x Yilmaz, Onurcan Orcid: 0000-0002-6094-7162 Yoon, Sangsuk Orcid: 0000-0002-3399-1096 Young, Danielle M Orcid: 0000-0002-1686-8432 Zakharov, Ilya Orcid: 0000-0001-7207-9641 Zein, Rizqy A Orcid: 0000-0001-7840-0299 Zettler, Ingo Orcid: 0000-0001-6140-7160 Žeželj, Iris L Orcid: 0000-0002-9527-1406 Zhang, Don C Orcid: 0000-0003-3438-9168 Zhang, Jin Zheng, Xiaoxiao Hoekstra, Rink Orcid: 0000-0002-1588-7527 Aczel, Balazs Orcid: 0000-0001-9364-4988 Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. England Nat Hum Behav. 2022 Jun;6(6):880-895. doi: 10.1038/s41562-022-01319-5. Epub 2022 Apr 14. The study of moral judgements often centres on moral dilemmas in which options consistent with deontological perspectives (that is, emphasizing rules, individual rights and duties) are in conflict with options consistent with utilitarian judgements (that is, following the greater good based on consequences). Greene et al. (2009) showed that psychological and situational factors (for example, the intent of the agent or the presence of physical contact between the agent and the victim) can play an important role in moral dilemma judgements (for example, the trolley problem). Our knowledge is limited concerning both the universality of these effects outside the United States and the impact of culture on the situational and psychological factors affecting moral judgements. Thus, we empirically tested the universality of the effects of intent and personal force on moral dilemma judgements by replicating the experiments of Greene et al. in 45 countries from all inhabited continents. We found that personal force and its interaction with intention exert influence on moral judgements in the US and Western cultural clusters, replicating and expanding the original findings. Moreover, the personal force effect was present in all cultural clusters, suggesting it is culturally universal. The evidence for the cultural universality of the interaction effect was inconclusive in the Eastern and Southern cultural clusters (depending on exclusion criteria). We found no strong association between collectivism/individualism and moral dilemma judgements.
Uncontrolled Keywords:Humans; Individuality; Intention; *Judgment; Knowledge; *Morals
Group:Faculty of Science & Technology
ID Code:39845
Deposited By: Symplectic RT2
Deposited On:15 May 2024 13:35
Last Modified:15 May 2024 13:35

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