What factors influence the knowledge and attitudes of UK university students towards breastfeeding?

Abstract

Background Breastfeeding provides substantial benefits for individuals, families, and society, yet rates in the UK remain lower than in comparable countries. Early knowledge and attitudes, formed before pregnancy and breastfeeding experiences, strongly influence future feeding practices. As future parents and societal influencers, university students are a key population for fostering informed attitudes and understanding of breastfeeding. Aim This study assessed breastfeeding knowledge and attitudes among university students, comparing health and non-health disciplines, and exploring associated factors. Methods A cross-sectional survey of 114 students at a UK university was conducted using an online self-administered questionnaire. Convenience sampling recruited participants across health and non-health disciplines. Data were analysed descriptively and inferentially, with regression analyses identifying predictors of knowledge and attitudes. Results Intention to breastfeed was high in both groups. However, students overall had neutral attitudes, and knowledge was at the threshold between low and high. Health students showed significantly greater knowledge and more positive attitudes than non-health students (p < 0.001). Regression analyses indicated that prior breastfeeding education and field of study were the strongest predictors of knowledge and attitudes, while male gender and urban residence were linked to slightly lower knowledge. Discussion Despite high intentions, overall knowledge and attitudes were limited. Findings suggest targeted interventions emphasising breastfeeding education and exposure could improve knowledge and attitudes, supporting informed and confident breastfeeding practices. Conclusion Universities are strategic settings for interventions to enhance breastfeeding knowledge and attitudes in advance of personal experience. Public health strategies should also address social, cultural, and community factors to foster supportive breastfeeding environments.