Mind the gap: gender equality and economic empowerment in the Commonwealth.

Abstract

This article examines gender inequality in economic participation across the Commonwealth countries from 2008 to 2023. Using secondary data, differences in factors such as wages, leadership, enterprise ownership, digital skills and legal protection are explored. Findings show that while legal reforms have been initiated in some countries, progress is uneven, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Results indicate that a combination of legal frameworks, training and digital access supports gender equality. From the policy perspective, coordinated action to achieve Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 5 and 8 is suggested, as this will support female empowerment and equality across the Commonwealth countries.