“Fragments that define my shape”: A qualitative study of self-identity on social media after an acquired brain injury.

Abstract

Purpose: Self-identity is often disrupted when individuals experience significant life changes such as an acquired brain injury (ABI). Social media can support self-expression and provide opportunities for identity exploration. For people living with other neurological conditions, online self-expression has been described as beneficial for sense of self, advocacy, and connection. This study aimed to understand online self-identity after an ABI to inform rehabilitation approaches. Materials and Methods: In this qualitative study, we interviewed 11 people with ABI and conducted a reflexive thematic analysis to explore how they expressed themselves on social media platforms and the factors influencing this. Results: Participants described using social media for belonging, support, and visibility. Some individuals revealed their ABI in their online identity, while others concealed it due to perceived stigma. Social media was used to control self‑narratives in different ways, often by sharing selective fragments of identity to appear more positive, resilient, or capable. Conclusions: Online self-identity after ABI is complex and multifaceted, with individuals often engaging in a “balancing act” as they navigate reconstruction of self following their injury. Social media may offer a valuable tool in rehabilitation by supporting self-discovery and facilitating expression of self‑narratives during recovery. Implications for Rehabilitation Using social media platforms can give people with ABI greater control of their self-narrative and personal image as they rebuild self-identity. Reconstructing self-identity through social media after traumatic brain injury may support post‑traumatic growth. Rehabilitation that supports the development or maintenance of a positive social identity—within new or existing social groups—should include online communities. Rehabilitation professionals should consider integrating social media as a tool to support work on self-concept and identity after ABI.