Retrieval processes, phenomenology, and importance for self-identity of unique vs. repeated events in autobiographical memory.

Abstract

Studies on autobiographical memory (AM) have primarily focused on unique or specific events that had happened at a particular time and place and did not last longer than 24 h. Very little is known about AMs of repeated or general events despite their prevalence and potential importance for self-identity. To address this gap in the literature, 60 participants completed a within-subjects experiment where they recalled 1880 AMs of unique and repeated events from the recent and distant past, and rated AMs on retrieval and phenomenological characteristics, and importance for self-identity and lifetime periods. Results revealed shorter retrieval latencies, lower retrieval effort ratings, and higher prevalence of direct retrieval for AMs of repeated events compared to unique events. Moreover, repeated events were rated as more important for self-identity and for defining lifetime periods. Although the phenomenological memory characteristics of unique and repeated events were similar, unique events were rated as more emotionally positive while repeated events had been more frequently rehearsed. Theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed primarily with respect to AM accessibility and retrieval accounts as well as how different types of events contribute to the conceptual self.