The human imperative of stabilizing global climate change at 1.5°C.

Abstract

Global mean surface temperature is now 1.0°C higher than the pre-industrial period due to increasing atmospheric greenhouse gases. Significant changes to natural and human (managed) systems have already occurred emphasizing serious near-term risks. Here, we expand on the recent IPCC Special Report on global warming of 1.5°C as well as additional risks associated with dangerous and irreversible states at higher levels of warming, each having major implications for multiple geographies, climates and ecosystems. Limiting warming to 1.5°C rather than 2.0°C is very beneficial, maintaining significant proportions of systems such as Arctic summer sea ice, forests and coral reefs as well as having clear benefits for human health and economies. These conclusions are relevant for people everywhere, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, where climate related risks to livelihoods, health, food, water, and economic growth are escalating with major implications for the achievement of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.