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Legacies of Indigenous land use and cultural burning in the Bolivian Amazon rainforest ecotone.

Maezumi, S.Y., Elliott, S., Robinson, M., Betancourt, C. J., de Souza, J. G., Alves, D., Grosvenor, M., Hilbert, L., Urrego, D. H., Gosling, W. D. and Iriarte, J., 2022. Legacies of Indigenous land use and cultural burning in the Bolivian Amazon rainforest ecotone. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 377 (1849), 20200499.

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DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2020.0499

Abstract

The southwestern Amazon Rainforest Ecotone (ARE) is the transitional landscape between the tropical forest and seasonally flooded savannahs of the Bolivian Llanos de Moxos. These heterogeneous landscapes harbour high levels of biodiversity and some of the earliest records of human occupation and plant domestication in Amazonia. While persistent Indigenous legacies have been demonstrated elsewhere in the Amazon, it is unclear how past human–environment interactions may have shaped vegetation composition and structure in the ARE. Here, we examine 6000 years of archaeological and palaeoecological data from Laguna Versalles (LV), Bolivia. LV was dominated by stable rainforest vegetation throughout the Holocene. Maize cultivation and cultural burning are present after ca 5700 cal yr BP. Polyculture cultivation of maize, manioc and leren after ca 3400 cal yr BP predates the formation of Amazonian Dark/Brown Earth (ADE/ABE) soils (approx. 2400 cal yr BP). ADE/ABE formation is associated with agroforestry indicated by increased edible palms, including Mauritia flexuosa and Attalea sp., and record levels of burning, suggesting that fire played an important role in agroforestry practices. The frequent use of fire altered ADE/ABD forest composition and structure by controlling ignitions, decreasing fuel loads and increasing the abundance of plants preferred by humans. Cultural burning and polyculture agroforestry provided a stable subsistence strategy that persisted despite pronounced climate change and cultural transformations and has an enduring legacy in ADE/ABE forests in the ARE.

Item Type:Article
ISSN:0962-8436
Additional Information:Funding This research was supported by the European Commission (Marie Curie Fellowship 792197) awarded to S.Y.M. and W.D.G. and the PAST (Pre-Columbian Amazon-Scale Transformations) European Research Council Consolidator Grant to J.I. (ERC_Cog616179) and the LASTJOURNEY (The end of the journey: the Late Pleistocene Early Holocene colonisation of South America) European Research Council Advanced Grant to J.I. (ERC_Adv834514).
Uncontrolled Keywords:palaeofire; pre-Columbian; palaeoecology; phytoliths; pyrophytic; pollen
Group:Faculty of Media & Communication
ID Code:36799
Deposited By: Symplectic RT2
Deposited On:30 Mar 2022 09:10
Last Modified:30 Mar 2022 09:10

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