Comparison of Sarcopenia Indices Based on Fall History and Level of Fear of Falling among Community-dwelling Older Adults in Selangor, Malaysia.

Abstract

Introduction: Sarcopenia, one of the geriatric syndromes characterized by changes in muscle mass, muscle strength and physical performance, may lead to falls in older adults. Objective: This study aimed to compare sarcopenia indices, fall history, and fear of falling (FoF) among community-dwelling older adults. Methods: : This cross-sectional study involved 201 participants (mean age = 68.45 ± 6.30 years). Fall history and FoF were recorded through assisted questionnaires and the short Fall-Efficacy Scale-international, respectively. Sarcopenia indices were measured including muscle mass (bioelectrical impedance analysis), muscle strength (JAMAR hand dynamometer), and physical performance (5-time chair stand test). Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was conducted to compare sarcopenia indices between fall history and FoF while controlling for age and gender. The level of statistical significance was set at p<0.05. Results: A total of 71 (35%) participants reported of a fall during the past 12 months, while approximately half of the participants demonstrated a higher concern for falls (50.2%). Those without a fall history scored significantly better in all sarcopenia indices (all p<0.05). Additionally, participants with a lower concern of falling had significantly better sarcopenia indices (p<0.05) compared to those with a greater concern of falls, except for muscle mass (p=0.052). Conclusion: Fall history and fear of falling may lead to symptoms of sarcopenia. These findings can provide evidence for promoting health education and continuous screening among older adults at risk of falls and sarcopenia.