Lingering delays in a go/no-go task: mind wandering delays thought probes reliably but not reaction times.

Abstract

BACKGROUND: In a go/no-go task, changes to the inter-trial interval (ITI) or the press percentage (PP) are known to have decelerating effects on both reaction time and on thought probe response time. The mental causes of these delays remain obscure. AIMS: To see whether the delaying effects of ITI and PP are additive, and to determine whether these timing effects are linked with mental states detectable by subjective ratings. METHODS: An 18-minute online experiment with 60 participants who each performed 8 versions of the ToVA with different ITIs and PPs. At the end of each block were mind wandering (MW) thought probes and rating scales for subjective effort and awareness. RESULTS: The decelerating effects of long ITIs, low PPs, and MW seem to be synergistic, but the effects of individual factors on thought probes seem brittle. A version of the ToVA with zero no-go-stimuli spontaneously and implicitly accelerated mean reaction time significantly. That version also quickened three subsequent response times for rating tasks by hundreds of milliseconds, which suggests that the basis of this effect is a lingering mental state (or substrate). None of the subjective ratings measured were strongly related to the reaction time delay, although MW seems to delay the thought probe response. CONCLUSION: The strategic effect on both the reaction time and the thought probe response time is presumably a change in the speed-accuracy trade-off in which the participant adopts a mental strategy that speeds up thinking by reducing caution, so caution needs to be subjectively measured.