Enhancing Disaster Risk Reduction and Response: A Comparison of the Complexities of Inter-Sectoral Coordination in the Omani Disaster Management System 2010-2020.

Abstract

Oman's knowledge of its vulnerability to natural hazard-induced disasters has significantly increased after the two severe cyclones in 2007 and 2010, which were both unprecedented. Despite this, awareness of its history of emergency management is inconsistent. Thus, Disaster risk reduction and response are critical components of ensuring the safety and resilience of communities and societies. The coordination and collaboration across many sectors and organisations involved in disaster management are crucial to the success of these efforts. This study explores the challenges of inter-sectoral coordination within the Omani Disaster Management System (ODMS) from 2010 to 2020 to pinpoint areas for development and alternative approaches to improve disaster management results. In the aftermath of the 2010 disaster, a new system was developed, embracing regional and global emergency management best practices whilst also accommodating the lessons learned from the cyclones Gonu (2007) and Phet (2010). However, this thesis used Social Network Analysis (SNA) and qualitative research methods to investigate how inter-sectoral coordination operates, identify all the relevant Oman DMS components, develop a framework for assessing the Oman DMS, and how effective it is in the post-2010 Omani disaster management system. This methodological approach was achieved by using a conceptual framework designed to provide insights on how to enhance and improve the post-2010 Omani disaster management system. This thesis emphasises the significance of social network theory for the implementation of novel strategies to support inter-sectoral agencies, such as improving communication channels, encouraging information sharing, and forming inter-sector partnerships. This thesis' main findings highlight that while Oman’s post-2010 disaster management system has made substantial progress in enhancing emergency management and features a strong coordination structure during response network operations, risk reduction requires even greater development to improve the effectiveness of disaster management operations. Unfortunately, current weaknesses in risk reduction have reduced overall effectiveness as well as prevented prompt and efficient provision of vital services during disaster situations. The findings – drawing on a detailed analysis of policy documents, reports, and expert interviews - reveal that there are numerous challenges faced by different organisations in the disaster management sector, including governmental agencies, non-governmental organisations, and private stakeholders. The study further shows that inter-sectoral coordination is an effective response in addressing a complex disaster management system, can help to ensure successful outcomes in the immediate operation, and offers proactive measures in the short-term and long-term. Additionally, the finding identified the importance of using inter-sectoral concepts in multisectoral and interdisciplinary organisations performing various roles to achieve the same objective and goal of enhancing and delivering essential services to society. Ultimately, this research provides a framework for decision-makers, practitioners, and stakeholders in Oman's disaster management sector to understand, assess, and improve their approaches, facilitating a coordinated effort to improve disaster risk reduction and response capabilities in the face of changing threats. Moreover, this thesis adds value to existing academic knowledge. In particular, it contributes to advancing research into social networks as a conceptual framework in social sciences, particularly for the study of inter-sectoral cooperation/coordination and clusters/sectors.