Enhancing RPL using E-MOF: a fuzzy-based mobility model for IoV.

Abstract

Routing Protocol (RPL) is treated as a standard protocol for Low power and Lossy Networks (LLNs). It was introduced by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) Routing over Low Power and Lossy network (ROLL) working group to deal with routing challenges that occur in LLNs. It is noted that RPL permits optimization at several levels in the networks. RPL uses an objective function that helps in evaluating network performance. The objective function can be created using single or composite metrics. Literature reveals that single metrics-based objective function showed poor performance whilst composite metrics have demonstrated excellent performance, but still there is plenty of scope for further improvement. This paper shows an extension of the composite metrics. The real problem of RPL concerning IoV is that the heterogeneous network undergoes extreme packet loss and congestion which disables the full utilization of network capacity. Thus, this paper presents an enhanced fuzzy-based objective function and analyzes its impact on the Internet of Vehicles (IoV) network. The objective function aims at reducing the Control Trafc Overhead (CTO) in the network and providing a high Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR).The contribution of this paper is as follows: First, network scalability is analyzed for (a) random and grid confgurations; (b) random and Self-similar Least Action Walk (SLAW) mobility models. Second, the performance of the proposed E-MOF is validated with the standard objective functions for both networks. Third, extensive computer simulations are performed for performance analysis. Simulation result reveals that the proposed E-MOF outperform OF-EC concerning the PDR, CTO and comparable latency at the expense of high energy consumption for both configurations and mobility models. Finally, it is remarked that E-MOF extends the applicability of the RPL for IoV networks. Further, it commits a better PDR Quality of Service (QoS) and high network reliability. The results and discussion reported in this paper are outstanding, therefore, they will motivate other researchers to develop a novel approach in the future.